Controlling Environmental Pollution in Nigeria through NESREA Regulations: An Assessment of Air Pollution Control

Abstract

Environmental pollution (EP) continues to pose one of the most pressing global challenges, and air pollution remains a critical aspect of this problem with far-reaching consequences for human health, ecosystems, and sustainable development. In Nigeria, air pollution is recognized as one of the most severe environmental problems, driven by rapid urbanization, industrial activities, fossil fuel combustion, and weak enforcement of environmental standards. These challenges highlight the urgent need for an effective legal and institutional framework to regulate and mitigate the harmful impacts of air pollution. The National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA), established under the NESREA Act, 2007 bears the mandate of safeguarding Nigeria’s environment through the enforcement of compliance with environmental laws and regulations. This study employs the normative juridical research method to assess NESREA’s regulatory framework for air pollution control. The normative juridical research method bases its analysis on applicable laws, and regulations that are relevant to the legal issues that are the focus of research. Findings reveal that NESREA has enacted regulatory measures aimed at addressing air pollution; however, challenges persist in areas of enforcement, monitoring, and institutional capacity. The study underscores the need for strengthening compliance mechanisms, enhancing institutional efficiency, and ensuring stricter penalties for violations to promote environmental justice. It amongst others, recommends improve and adequate funding of the NESREA by the Nigerian Federal Government to enable the Agency to perform optimally by strengthening its capacity, efforts and reach. It concludes that improved enforcement of existing regulations is crucial for reducing air pollution, protecting public health, and achieving sustainable environmental quality in Nigeria.